Identifisignificados

68

Tropicália

February

After a night of conversation with several filmmakers in an Ipanema bar, journalist Nelson Motta writes in the newspaper Última Hora a sort of good-humored Tropicalist manifesto entitled “A cruzada tropicalista” (“The Tropicalist crusade”).

March

– The LPs Caetano Veloso, with arrangements by Júlio Medaglia, Damiano Cozzela and Sandino Hohagen, and Gilberto Gil, arranged by Rogério Duprat, are both released on the Philips label.

– Augusto de Campos publishes an essay on the two newly-released records, in O Estado de São Paulo.

– Hélio Oiticica writes the text “Tropicália”.

June

The LP Os Mutantes, with arrangements by Rogério Duprat, is released, also on Philips.

July

The collective album Tropicália or Panis et Circensis, is released by Philips, with Caetano, Gil, Gal, Mutantes, Tom Zé and Nara Leão, with arrangements by Duprat.

August

Hélio Oiticica and Rogério Duarte produce two events at the Museum of Modern Art in Rio de Janeiro: the exhibition-event Apocalipopótese and the debate “Cultura e Loucura” (“Culture and Madness”), both with Caetano Veloso present.

– Augusto de Campos publishes the important book Balanço da Bossa, (The Swing of Bossa) comprising his articles in favor of the Tropicalists.

September

Gil and Caetano compete in Rio’s TV Globo Festival Internacional da Canção (International Song Festival). “Questão de Ordem” (“Question of Order”), by Gil, backed by the Beat Boys, does not reach qualification in the final round. “É proibido proibir” (“It’s forbidden to forbid”), by Caetano, backed by the Mutantes, is disqualified, after an aggressive speech improvised by Caetano, in reaction to the audience’s boos.

October

Divino, maravilhoso, (“Divine, marvelous”) an experimental weekly program featuring the Tropicalists, premieres on São Paulo’s TV Tupi, directed by Fernando Faro. It will run until the end of December.

November

“São São Paulo, meu amor” (São São Paulo, my love”), by Tom Zé, and sung by him, wins TV Record’s Fourth Festival of MPB. “Divino, maravilhoso”, by Caetano and Gil, with Gal, wins third place, and 2001, by Tom Zé and Rita Lee, with the Mutantes, fourth.

December

The record Tom Zé is released, the artist’s first solo LP, on the Rozenblit label.

– On December 9th, Hélio Oiticica and Torquato Neto leave for London for Oiticica’s exhibition at the Whitechapel Gallery. Both spend a year in Europe.

– On the 13th, the military government issues Institutional Act No. 5, undermining civil rights and suppressing freedom of artistic expression. On the 27th, Gil and Caetano are arrested in São Paulo and taken to the Marechal Deodoro army barracks in Rio.